I love this essay.
I was asked in an interview once what my definition of art is, and it's so difficult to categorise-
Every definition I thought of excludes some types of art- but I suppose for me it's when something is created, or added to something, by humans, in order to provoke emotion, with its main purpose being to visually please.
I say add on- because if we look at Duchamp's Fountain, it's a functional object that has become art due to the adding of a title and context of being in a gallery.
Design, for me, can be artistic, made by an artist, and can have art on it, but maybe isn't art itself as it's main purpose is usually to be functional rather than beautiful or evoke emotion/thought.
Obviously this is just an opinion though.
Loved this essay so much, it sparked a lot of thought, thank you!